Theodore of Mopsuestia
Theodore was bishop of Mopsuestia in Cilicia and the most eminent representative of the Antiochene school of interpretation, which prized the plain, historical sense of Scripture. So great was his reputation as a commentator that the Church of the East called him simply "the Interpreter," and he died in 428 in the peace of the Church. More than a century later, however, his Christology was blamed for the Nestorian error, and his writings were condemned as one of the "Three Chapters" at the Second Council of Constantinople in 553.
In the churches of the Syriac East, Theodore needed no other name than "the Interpreter" — so authoritative were his commentaries, which insisted always on the literal and historical meaning of the text. It is one of history's ironies that the West, which condemned him, and the East, which reveres him to this day, are reading the same man.