The interpretation timeline

Gen 21:23

How this passage has been read — the sources, oldest to newest.

From the early Church Fathers to now.

1 Patristic · 3 Jewish

Gen 21:23 · Douay-Rheims
“Swear therefore by God, that thou wilt not hurt me, nor my posterity, nor my stock: but according to the kindness that I have done to thee, thou shalt do to me, and to the land wherein thou hast lived a stranger.”
Patristic before A.D. 750
373
A.D.
Ephrem the Syrian Patristic
c. A.D. 306–373
“After these things, Abimelech and Phicol, the commander of his army, spoke to Abraham, for they saw that God was with him and had helped him in the wars of the kings and had also promised him the land of the Canaanites. They also feared that after Abraham destroyed the Canaanites he would also destroy their own land, so they hastened to make a covenant with him, and the two of them made a covenant with Abraham.”
Source
732 years pass — nothing from this stretch is hosted yet
Scholastic c. 1100 – 1500
1105
A.D.
Rashi Jewish
1040–1105
“ולניני ולנכדי NOR WITH MY SON NOR WITH MY SON’S SON — thus far extends a man’s pity for his descendants (Genesis Rabbah 54:2). כחסד אשר עשיתי עמך תעשה עמדי ACCORDING TO THE KINDNESS THAT I HAVE DONE UNTO THEE THOU SHALT DO UNTO ME — viz., that I said to you. (Genesis 20:15) “Behold my land is before thee”.”
165 years pass — nothing from this stretch is hosted yet
1270
A.D.
Ramban Jewish
1194–1270
“NOW THEREFORE SWEAR UNTO ME HERE BY G-D ‘IM’ (IF) YOU WILL BE FALSE TO ME. The word im always expresses doubt — do not think of it in any other way to mean “that.” See Ramban there, where he explains it in a manner consistent with his teaching here. — and it appears in most places in connection with an oath: If you will be false to me; And therefore I have sworn unto the house of Eli ‘im’ (if) the iniquity of Eli’s house shall be expiated; Once I have sworn by My holiness ‘im’ (if) I will be false unto David; ‘im’ (if) they should enter into My rest;, 95:11. And he was wroth, and swore, saying, ‘im’ (if) one of these men will see. The purport of this is that since oaths are given with imprecation, Abimelech is stating, “Swear to me, saying, G-d do so to me, and more also if you will be false to me.” Likewise it is said, Let there now be an oath between us. And in the matter of a Divine oath: I have sworn by My holiness if I will be false to David; if the iniquity of Eli’s house shall be expiated, meaning “If that will be so, then My word is not true,” and in similar cases, since it does not want to expressly state the condition. Scripture modifies and shortens these expressions. A similar case of a shortened condition is the verse, And Jabez called on the G-d of Israel, saying: Oh that Thou wouldest bless me indeed, and enlarge my border, etc., and that Thou wouldest work deliverance from evil that it may not pain me. And G-d granted him that which he requested. Here the entire condition is missing. A similar example is the verse, If they will see the land, referring back to the first verse, As I live, and all shall be filled with the glory of the Eternal,, Verse 21. and Scripture shortens the Divine oath. The expression, false to me, is because Abimelech was a king, and Abraham dwelt in his land. [Thus, if Abraham were to do him evil, it would be an act of disloyalty towards him in his royal capacity], or it would be a betrayal of Abimelech’s love for him, as he [Abimelech] was his trustworthy friend, honoring him and doing his will. For you see that Abraham found no fault with him except the well of water, which Abimelech’s servants had violently taken away, and the king said to him, According to the kindness that I have done unto thee.”
Source
280 years pass — nothing from this stretch is hosted yet
Reformation c. 1500 – 1650
1550
A.D.
Sforno Jewish
c. 1475–1550
“Like the kindness (loyalty) I've shown you, you should show me -- Show me the kindness of swearing on behalf of your children”
Modern · 1953 →

The in-app commentary runs from the Fathers to the early-modern record, then stops — that's where the public-domain sources end, not where the reading does. For the modern reading, follow the sources directly.