The interpretation timeline

Heb 13:5

How this passage has been read — the sources, oldest to newest.

From the early Church Fathers to now.

7 Patristic · 1 Orthodox · 1 Medieval · 1 Catholic

Heb 13:5 · Douay-Rheims
“Let your manners be without covetousness, contented with such things as you have; for he hath said: I will not leave thee, neither will I forsake thee.”
Patristic before A.D. 750
215
A.D.
Clement of Alexandria Patristic
c. A.D. 150–215
“We must then exercise ourselves in taking care about those things which fall under the power of the passions, fleeing like those who are truly philosophers such articles of food as excite lust, and dissolute licentiousness in chambering and luxury; and the sensations that tend to luxury, which are a solid reward to others, must no longer be so to us. For God's greatest gift is self-restraint. For He Himself has said, "I will neyer leave thee, nor forsake thee," as having judged thee worthy according to the true election. Thus, then, while we attempt piously to advance, we shall have put on us the mild yoke of the Lord from faith to faith, one charioteer driving each of us onward to salvation, that the meet fruit of beatitude may be won.”
Source
215
A.D.
Clement of Alexandria Patristic
c. A.D. 150–215
“We must join in disciplining ourselves to beware of all that is subject to the passions. We must, like true philosophers, escape from any foods that arouse sexual desire, from a dissolute relaxation in bed, from luxury and all the passions that make for luxury. We realize that others find this a grievous struggle. It is no longer so for us, since self-discipline is God's greatest gift. He has said, "I will never forsake you or abandon you," who have judged you worthy by a decision that is wholly genuine. In this way, as we carefully strive to go to him, the Lord's "easy yoke" will receive us.… There is, according to Hippocrates of Cos, a discipline of the soul as well as of the body, "a state of health which does not shrink from hardship and cannot have enough nourishment."”
Source
192 years pass — nothing from this stretch is hosted yet
407
A.D.
John Chrysostom Patristic
A.D. 347–407
“"Let your conversation be without covetousness," he says. He did not say, Possess nothing, but, "Let your conversation be without covetousness": that is, let it show forth the philosophical character of your mind. For he says above also, "And ye took joyfully the spoiling of your goods." (c. x. 34.) He gives these exhortations, that they might not be covetous. "Being content" (he says) "with such things as ye have." Then here also the consolation; "For He" (he says) "hath said, I will never leave thee nor forsake thee"; "so that we may boldly say, the Lord is my helper, and I will not fear what man shall do unto me." Again consolation in their trials.”
Source
407
A.D.
John Chrysostom Patristic
A.D. 347–407
“"Let your conversation" (he says) "be without covetousness": since many after having exhausted their property, afterwards wish to recover it again under the guise of alms, therefore he says, "Let your conversation be without covetousness"; that is, that we should be desirous only of what is necessary and indispensable. What then (you say) if we should not have a supply even of these? This is not possible; indeed it is not. "For He hath said," and He doth not lie, "I will never leave thee, nor forsake thee. So that we boldly say, The Lord is my Helper, and I will not fear what man shall do unto me." Thou hast the promise from Himself: do not doubt henceforward. He has promised; make no question. But this, "I will never leave thee," he says not concerning money only, but concerning all other things also. "The Lord is my Helper, and I will not fear what man shall do unto me"; with good reason.”
Source
430
A.D.
Augustine of Hippo Patristic
A.D. 354–430
“So keep a moderate amount of money for temporal uses; treat it as journey money, with the end in view stated in the text. Notice above all what he put first: "Free from love of money," he says, put your hand in the purse in such a way that you release your heart from it.”
457
A.D.
Theodoret of Cyrus Patristic
c. A.D. 393–457
“He forbade not possessions but the love of money, from which greed springs.”
669 years pass — nothing from this stretch is hosted yet
Scholastic c. 1100 – 1500
1126
A.D.
Theophylact of Ohrid Orthodox
c. 1055–1107
“He did not say: acquire nothing, but, even if you have possessions, do not be slaves to them, but relate freely to what you have, so as not to grieve if you should ever be deprived of any of your property, as he also said above: "you accepted the plundering of your possessions with joy" (Heb. 10:34). And in general, since many after losing their possessions strive to acquire them again, in view of the necessity of rendering help to others he says: "let your conduct be free from the love of money." Which is why he continues. He shows how one can avoid being lovers of money, namely: if we are content with what we have, if we do not strive to acquire anything beyond what is needed and necessary. For whoever strives to acquire more than is needed is obviously a lover of money. Since as it was likely that some were saying: what then, if we do not even have the necessities? – he answers that this can never be, for God says through the mouth of Isaiah: I will not forsake you (cf. Isa. 43:2) and, of course, does not lie. But since it was likely that these same people from among the Jews were saying: what present things shall we be content with? We have been plundered and nothing is left to us – he says: one can be content even with what remains, however little it may be. For God said: I will not forsake you, that is, I will not allow you to come to that. If the apostle perhaps understood this with reference to material needs, then you should understand it as said also with reference to every matter.”
Source
1274
A.D.
Bonaventure Medieval
c. A.D. 1221–1274
“That perfect men ought to conform themselves to the Apostles, of whom it is said in Second Corinthians chapter four: We are in want, but not forsaken: Gloss: "We are in want, that is, we are so poor that necessities are lacking; but we are not forsaken by God entirely, because God feeds us." And that this extends not only to the Apostles, but also to their imitators, is apparent from what is said in Hebrews, the last chapter: Let your ways be without avarice, content with what is at hand. For he himself said: I will not desert you nor forsake you; there the Gloss says: "The Lord Almighty himself said to Joshua: I will not desert you, that is, I will not fail to give necessities; nor will I forsake you, forsaken would be he who perished from hunger; but because this does not happen, the greedy man should not say so. This he said to Joshua after the death of Moses; this he also says to everyone hoping in him, as Joshua did. For these things he promises to us, if we place our hope in him — not to the grasping, not to the greedy, but to those hoping in him. And because it could seem to them that this promise was made only to Joshua, the Apostle responds to this saying that he will help us just as he helped him, as if to say: there is no reason to doubt the promise, because Jesus Christ, who yesterday, that is in the past, helped Joshua, he himself today, that is in the present, helps us and other faithful, and will help in the future forever, that is without end."”
Source
1274
A.D.
Thomas Aquinas Catholic
1225–1274
“Then (v. 5) he forbids them to covet external goods, in regard to which one might sin in two ways: in one way by being niggardly; in another way by being covetous. For liberality is a virtue which inclines one to the happy medium between giving and retaining money. As to the first, i.e., niggardliness, he says: Keep your life from love of money [covetousness]. For a covetous person is tenacious; hence, Sirach (10:9) says: 'Nothing is more wicked than the covetous man.' As to the second he says, and be content with what you have. Those who desire to have more than they have, wish to heap up other things, not being content with what they have: 'Having food and clothing, with these we are content' (1 Tim. 6:8). Or in saying, let your life be free of covetousness, he is forbidding avarice in regard to covetousness and niggardliness; but in saying, be content with what you have, he is excluding the root of avarice, namely, anxiety: 'Be not anxious' (Mt. 6:31). For men are not forbidden to be solicitous about things needed for the future, but care and anxiety should not preoccupy their mind. For one who is so preoccupied with anxiety about the future is 'solicitous of the morrow.' Then (v. 5b) he gives the reason for this advice, and it is the reason why we should not be excessively anxious, but should do what lies in our power with trust in God's help: for he has said (Jos. 1:5): 'I will not leave you, without giving you what you need; neither will I forsake you, lest you perish from hunger'; 'I have not seen the just forsaken, not his seed seeking bread' (Ps. 36:25). Or I will not forsake you without freeing you from evil. This causes confidence in the heart so that we can confidently say, 'I will deal confidently and will not fear' (Is. 12:2).”
Source
Undated date unknown
Oecumenius Patristic
c. A.D. 550
“"Let your conversation be without greed." Paul did not say, "Do not possess anything"; (and it is clear from what he leads to: Being content with what is present, whatever it may be.) but rather, "You have a philosophical and ungreedy opinion." For he himself has said: "for he has said, 'I will never leave you, nor forsake you.'" Since your possessions have been seized; for Paul said: And you have received the confiscation of your possessions with joy (Heb. 10:34); he advises them to be content with what is present; lest they say: With what present things shall we be content? We have been seized, and we have nothing; he says: but even if you have been seized, you can be content with what remains, even if it is very little, because of the one who says, God: 'I will not forsake you,' that is, I will not leave you, nor will I abandon you. "So that we may boldly say." If he does not allow it, God does not abandon either, therefore, he says, we must speak boldly the words of David: "The Lord is my helper." (Ps. 118:6-7) For if God helps, one should not be afraid of those who seize or threaten."”
Source
Modern · 1953 →

The in-app commentary runs from the Fathers to the early-modern record, then stops — that's where the public-domain sources end, not where the reading does. For the modern reading, follow the sources directly.