The interpretation timeline

Isa 47:2

How this passage has been read — the sources, oldest to newest.

From the early Church Fathers to now.

1 Patristic · 1 Medieval · 2 Jewish · 1 Catholic

Isa 47:2 · Douay-Rheims
“Take a millstone and grind meal: uncover thy shame, strip thy shoulder, make bare thy legs, pass over the rivers.”
Patristic before A.D. 750
420
A.D.
Jerome Patristic
c. A.D. 347–420
“As Fabiola was not ashamed of the Lord on earth, so he shall not be ashamed of her in heaven. She laid bare her wound to the gaze of all, and Rome beheld with tears the disfiguring scar that marred her beauty. She uncovered her limbs, bared her head and closed her mouth. She no longer entered the church of God but, like Miriam the sister of Moses, she sat apart, outside the camp, till the priest who cast her out should himself call her back. She came down like a daughter of Babylon from the throne of her daintiness, she took the millstones and ground meal, she passed barefoot through rivers of tears.”
Source
430 years pass — nothing from this stretch is hosted yet
Medieval c. 750 – 1100
850
A.D.
Ishodad of Merv Medieval
d. A.D. 850
“"Take the millstone," that is: After being deprived of the glory of your sovereignty, you will adopt the apparel of slaves. The words "cut your white hair" [in the Syriac Bible, Peshitta] mean "You have grown old and decrepit in your sovereignty."”
255 years pass — nothing from this stretch is hosted yet
Scholastic c. 1100 – 1500
1105
A.D.
Rashi Jewish
1040–1105
“Take millstones This is hard labor, i.e., subordinate yourself from now on, to the kings of Persia and Media. Alternatively: And grind flour for supplies on the road of your exile. bare your covered parts Your arms and your legs, parts veiled, tied, and covered. uncover the paths Heb. חֶשְׂפִּי שֹׁבֶל. Uncover the paths of the water that is upon them, for that way you shall go out into exile, or bare your leg and cross rivers.”
Source
1167
A.D.
Ibn Ezra Jewish
1089–1167
“Take the millstones, etc., as handmaids do; for thou wilt go into captivity. Meal. This is a prolepsis. Comp. And stripped the naked of their clothing (Job 22:6). צמתך Thy crown. The hair upon the head. שובל Locks. The hair that hangs down over the cheeks. R. Moses Hakkohen compares שובל with שבלת the channel of the river (27:12), but I consider it as hap. leg., and its meaning can only be found from the context, without being supported by any. parallel passage. Pass over the rivers, in order to grind.”
Source
1274
A.D.
Thomas Aquinas Catholic
1225–1274
“Second, as to the ignominy which they incurred: take a millstone, which was the work of servant girls, as if to say: you shall be a servant girl; or it signifies sexual intercourse, as in Judges 16:21 of Samson; uncover your shame, that is, your shameful members, either to the lust of your enemies or for crossing rivers on foot: I will change their glory into shame (Hos 4:7).”
Source
Modern · 1953 →

The in-app commentary runs from the Fathers to the early-modern record, then stops — that's where the public-domain sources end, not where the reading does. For the modern reading, follow the sources directly.