The interpretation timeline

Rev 12:16

How this passage has been read — the sources, oldest to newest.

From the early Church Fathers to now.

Rev 12:16 · Douay-Rheims
“And the earth helped the woman, and the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed up the river, which the dragon cast out of his mouth.”
Patristic before A.D. 750
303
A.D.
Victorinus of Pettau Patristic
c. A.D. 250–303
“"And the earth helped the woman, and opened her mouth, and swallowed up the flood which the dragon cast out of his mouth." That the earth opened her month and swallowed up the waters, sets forth the vengeance for the present troubles. Although, therefore, it may signify this woman bringing forth, it shows her afterwards flying when her offspring is brought forth, because both things did not happen at one time; for we know that Christ was born, but that the time should arrive that she should flee from the face of the serpent: (we do not know) that this has happened as yet.”
Source
432 years pass — nothing from this stretch is hosted yet
735
A.D.
Bede Patristic
A.D. 673–735
“And the earth opened its mouth and swallowed up the flood. This earth is the holy flesh of the Lord, which, swallowing the death that temporarily prevailed over it, taught us also to swallow it. It can also be understood as the Church, whose admonitions and prayers of the mouth ward off the enemy's snares.”
Undated date unknown
Oecumenius Patristic
c. A.D. 550
“But the earth helped the woman by opening its mouth and swallowing the river that the Dragon had spewed out of his mouth against the woman. The earth swallowing the river signifies that the temptation was accepted within her, that is, the Lord was put to death. But the Dragon was not helped by this; rather, in restoring the Lord again, He came to life after three days, having conquered death, since it was not possible for death to hold Him (see Acts 2:24), who is "the author of life," according to the divine Peter. (Acts 3:15) So that the composition might be so, and the earth helped the woman, it must be read completely; then, as if from a question, in what way did it help? It swallowed the river, that is, having received the Lord who was plotted against within itself, it gave Him back again, and in this it helped. Therefore, since the Dragon also failed in the second plot, what then does he do to the anointed sons and brothers of the Lord, that is, to the faithful?”
Source
Modern · 1953 →

The in-app commentary runs from the Fathers to the early-modern record, then stops — that's where the public-domain sources end, not where the reading does. For the modern reading, follow the sources directly.