Rabanus Maurus
Medieval
c. A.D. 780–856
“When Moses compelled Pharaoh by the word of the Lord to allow the children of Israel to depart from Egypt so that they might sacrifice to the Lord in the desert, Pharaoh, hardened in his profane speech, replied: I do not know the Lord, and I will not let Israel go (Ex. 5). Therefore, he was struck with various plagues together with his people, among which he was struck by hail and fire at the same time, as it is read in Exodus: for hail and fire were mingled and carried together, and struck everything that was in the fields, from man to beast, and the hail struck every herb of the field, and broke every tree of the region (Ex. 9:24-25). Nor is it surprising that two contrary elements, that is, fire and hail, struck together, since all things obey the will of their Creator, and there is no opposition where the divine majesty commands. For at one time the fire was gentle so that the animals sent by the wicked would not be burned, but so that those who saw would know that they suffered persecution by the judgment of God. And at another time, fire burned above the power of water everywhere to destroy the wicked nation of the land. Therefore, just as it is read in the book of Genesis that the Lord rained fire and sulfur from heaven upon Sodom and Gomorrah to destroy the wicked (Gen. 19), and in Exodus it is told that a mixture of hail and fire struck the wicked (Ex. 9), so in the book of Numbers it is mentioned that fiery serpents destroyed the rebellious and murmurers, so that the stubborn might recognize that every creature is prepared for the vengeance of the wicked, when they do not fear to rebel against the commands of their Creator (Num. 21).”