Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, on Jude 1:13

“Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own confusion; wandering stars, to whom the storm of darkness is reserved for ever.”

“Raging--wild. Jude has in mind Isa 57:20. shame--plural in Greek, "shames" (compare Phi 3:19). wandering stars--instead of moving on in a regular orbit, as lights to the world, bursting forth on the world like erratic comets, or rather, meteors of fire, with a strange glare, and then doomed to fall back again into the blackness of gloom.”

Imported from an open dataset — not yet checked against the printed edition.