George Leo Haydock
Catholic
1774–1849
“Drunk. Greek, “drowned in wine.””
The interpretation timeline
Jdt 13:4
How this passage has been read — the sources, oldest to newest.
From the early Church Fathers to now.
Jdt 13:4 · Douay-Rheims
“But Holofernes lay on his bed, fast asleep, being exceedingly drunk.”
Post-Reformation
c. 1650 – 1900
1849
A.D.
Modern · 1953 →
The in-app commentary runs from the Fathers to the early-modern record, then stops — that's where the public-domain sources end, not where the reading does. For the modern reading, follow the sources directly.