George Leo Haydock
Catholic
1774–1849
“Medes. This is the first mention of these two nations, who afterwards became so famous. Nabuchodonosor had overcome Phraortes, chap. i. (Calmet)”
The interpretation timeline
Jdt 16:12
How this passage has been read — the sources, oldest to newest.
From the early Church Fathers to now.
Jdt 16:12 · Douay-Rheims
“The Persians quaked at her constancy, and the Medes at her boldness.”
Post-Reformation
c. 1650 – 1900
1849
A.D.
Modern · 1953 →
The in-app commentary runs from the Fathers to the early-modern record, then stops — that's where the public-domain sources end, not where the reading does. For the modern reading, follow the sources directly.