George Leo Haydock
Catholic
1774–1849
“Lights. Torches were used to testify joy, 2 Machabees iv. 22.”
The interpretation timeline
Jdt 4:10
How this passage has been read — the sources, oldest to newest.
From the early Church Fathers to now.
Jdt 4:10 · Douay-Rheims
“Then Eliachim the high priest of the Lord went about all Israel and spoke to them,”
Post-Reformation
c. 1650 – 1900
1849
A.D.
Modern · 1953 →
The in-app commentary runs from the Fathers to the early-modern record, then stops — that's where the public-domain sources end, not where the reading does. For the modern reading, follow the sources directly.