Patristic A.D. 735
“The rock, he says, is the hard and unsubdued heart. Now the moisture at the root of the seed is the same as what is called in another parable, the oil to trim the lamps of the virgins, that is, love and stedfastness in virtue. (Matt. 25.)”
Catena Aurea: Gospel of Luke, as excerpted in the Catena Aurea on Luke 8:4-15
PD · J. H. Newman (Oxford, 1843) ↗