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Rashi on the Prophets and Writings

CC BY · The Judaica Press Complete Tanach, trans. A. J. Rosenberg
Chapter 5

Lamentations 5

Our water we have drunk for payment We were afraid to draw water from the river because of the enemies; we therefore bought [it] from them with money.

We are pursued [with a yoke] on our necks because of the yoke of hard labor.
we toil to gather money and property.
but it does not remain with us [the fruits of] our toil [do not remain] in our hands, because the enemies would collect and seize everything for taxes, head taxes, and property taxes.

We have stretched out our hands to Egypt It is customary for a falling person who wishes to stand up to stretch out a hand to someone nearby to help him. Here too, we stretched out a hand to Egypt that they should help us.
[and to] Assyria to get enough food that they sate us with their bread.
We have stretched out Heb. נָתַנוּ, like נָתַנְנוּ. The dagesh in the “nun” takes the place of the second “nun,” and so (I Chron. 29:14): “For all is from You, and from Your hand we have given it (נָתַנוּ) to You”; and so (Gen. 34:16): “and we will give (וְנָתַנוּ) our daughters to you.”

With our lives we bring our bread with the peril of our soul. We were endangered when we would bring our food from the field because of the sword of the wilderness.

is parched Heb. נִכְמַרוּ, became heated, and so (Gen. 43:30): “for his mercies were stirred up (נִכְמְרוּ)”; and in the language of the Gemara there are many instances [of the use of this word]: (Yev. 97a): “a heating vessel (כּוֹמֶר) of olives”; (Pes. 58a): “for the heating (מִכְמָר) of the flesh.
the heat of hunger Heb. זַלְעֲפוֹת,” heat, like (Ps. 11:6): “and a burning wind (רוּחַ זִלְעָפוֹת)”; an expression of burning.

Young men carried the millstones When the enemies led them away in neck irons, they would place millstones and burdens on their shoulders in order to tire them. Similarly: and youths fail under [loads of] wood, meaning that their strength failed. The expression of failing applies to the weakening of the strength, as is stated in Ezra (Neh. 4:4), “And Judea said: The porter’s strength has failed (כָּשַּׁל) .” Similarly, (above 1:14) “and caused my strength to fail (הִכְשִּׁיל).”

For this our heart has become faint, etc. because of that which is delineated in the following verse: “For Mount Zion, which lies desolate, and foxes prowl over it.”

[But] You, O Lord we know that You will remain forever. Now since that is so...

Why do You forget us forever Have You not sworn to us Yourself that just as You exist, so does Your oath exist?

For if You have utterly rejected us because we have sinned, You should not have been exceedingly wroth as much as You were wroth.
Restore us...O Lord Since he concludes with words of reproof, he had to repeat the preceding verse again, and so it is in Isaiah, the Twelve Prophets, and Ecclesiastes.

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