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Rashi on the Former Prophets

CC BY · The Metsudah Tanach series (Metsudah Publications, Lakewood, NJ)
Chapter 11

1 Samuel 11

Each right eye. Explain it literally. But the Midrash Aggadah [explains it figuratively, that he said,] "Bring me your Torah scroll which was given by the right hand [of God], and I will burn it, because He wrote in it, "Neither an Ammonite nor a Moavite may enter [into Adonoy's community]."
A sign of shame. An insult.

Behind the cattle. After the appointed time that the cattle come in from the field.

To his cattle. To his animals.

He counted them in Bezek. Our Rabbis said that he counted them using earthenware shards. Another explanation is that בְּבָזֶק means 'with pebbles,' i.e., he took a pebble from each one, and counted them, similar to, "And he counted them with lambs," i.e., he took a lamb from each one, and counted them with the lambs, just as they would count them with half shekels. Targum reders, in the verse, "as one who loads a pebble [אֶבֶן] for throwing in a slingshot," as one who loads a בִּזְקָא into a slingshot. And in [Midrash] Yelam'denu, "And he counted them with lambs," [is explained as,] "when they were poor, [they were counted] with pebbles and when they became rich, [they were counted] with lambs. Another explanation is that בָזֶק is the name of a place, mentioned in Shoftim, "they found Adoni Bezek in Bezek."

Who is it that says. Derisively, "Shaul will reign over us?" Give them over and we will execute them.
Will reign over us. As a question.

And Shmuel said, "…and renew the kingdom there." Because at first there was opposition in the matter, but now they unanimously agreed.

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