Rashi on the Prophets and Writings

After these events this remedy was created to be a salvation for Israel.
King Ahasuerus promoted Haman For the Holy One, blessed be He, creates a remedy for Israel’s blow before He brings the blow upon them.

would kneel and prostrate themselves Because he made himself a god; therefore “Mordecai would neither kneel nor prostrate himself.”

whether Mordecai’s words would stand up [i.e., the words of Mordecai,] who said that he would never prostrate himself because he was a Jew, and was warned against idolatry.

one cast the pur Whoever cast it, cast it, and the verse does not specify who. This is an elliptical verse.
that is the lot Scripture explains: and what is the pur? That is the lot. He cast lots [to determine] in which month he would succeed.
from day to day in which day of the month he would succeed.

and...the king’s laws to give taxes for the king’s work.
it is of no use There is no apprehension; there is no profit.

let it be written to destroy them Let letters be written to be sent to the governors of the provinces to destroy them.

And the king took his ring off This represents the granting of any great matter that is requested of the king; the one who has the ring on his hand is the ruler over all the king’s affairs.

And letters shall be sent Heb. וְנִשְּׁלוֹחַ. And letters shall be sent, יtre tramis in O.Fr., to be sent, which is of the [same grammatical] structure as (Jud. 11:25): “did he ever fight? (נִלְחוֹם נִלְחַם)”; (I Sam. 2:27): “Did I appear? (נִגְלֹה נִגְלֵיתִי) (Hos. 10:15): “was silenced (נִדְמֹה נִדְמָה).”
on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month On the thirteenth day of that month, which is the twelfth month of the year.

The copy of the writ Heb. פַּתְשֶּׁגֶן, an Aramaism, the account of the writ, deresmant in Old French, text, contents, account.
for an edict to be given The command of the writ was that it proclaimed that the decree of the king should be issued as a statute.
published to all the peoples This matter.

and the edict was given in Shushan the capital the place where the king was situated; there the statute was given on that day, to be ready for the thirteenth day of the month of Adar. Therefore
and the city of Shushan was perturbed [i.e] the Jews therein.