Rashi
Jewish
1040–1105
“And let the raiment and the horse But he did not mention the crown, for he saw that the king became jealous because he said that they should place the crown on a person’s head.”
The interpretation timeline
Esth 6:9
How this passage has been read — the sources, oldest to newest.
From the early Church Fathers to now.
1 Jewish · 2 Reformed · 1 Methodist · 1 Catholic
Esth 6:9 · Douay-Rheims
“And let the first of the king’s princes and nobles hold his horse, and going through the street of the city, proclaim before him and say: Thus shall he be honoured, whom the king hath a mind to honour.”
Scholastic
c. 1100 – 1500
1105
A.D.
666 years pass — nothing from this stretch is hosted yet
Post-Reformation
c. 1650 – 1900
1771
A.D.
John Gill
Reformed
1697–1771
“And let this apparel and horse be delivered to the hand of one of the king's most noble princes,.... The one: that they may array the man withal whom the king delighteth to honour; and the other to be led in state before him: and bring him on horseback through the street of the city; on another horse, that all might see what honour was done him: and proclaim before him; as before Joseph, when advanced next to Pharaoh, Gen 41:43 this was not to be done by an herald, but by a nobleman, to whom the apparel and horse were to be delivered, and was done by Haman, Est 6:11, thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighteth to honour; these were the words said in the proclamation, signifying this was the man the king delighted to honour, and this the manner in which he would have it done.”
1832
A.D.
Adam Clarke
Methodist
1762–1832
“One of the king's most noble princes - Alas, Poor Haman! Never was the fable of the dog and shadow more literally fulfilled. Thou didst gape at the shadow, and didst lose the substance.”
1849
A.D.
George Leo Haydock
Catholic
1774–1849
“Nobles. Literally, “tyrants.” (Haydock) — But this word was not formerly odious; as it only denoted “a prince.” Pars mihi pacis erit dextram tetigisse tyranni. (Vigil, Æneid vii.) — Abuse of power caused it to become hateful. (Tirinus)”
1871
A.D.
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown
Reformed
1871
“delivered to the hand of one of the king's most noble princes . . . array the man--On grand and public occasions, the royal steed is led by the highest subject through the principal streets of the city, a ceremony which may occupy several hours.”
Modern · 1953 →
The in-app commentary runs from the Fathers to the early-modern record, then stops — that's where the public-domain sources end, not where the reading does. For the modern reading, follow the sources directly.