Rashi
Jewish
1040–1105
“and a decree was given a statute was decreed.”
The interpretation timeline
Esth 9:14
How this passage has been read — the sources, oldest to newest.
From the early Church Fathers to now.
1 Jewish · 1 Reformed · 1 Lutheran
Esth 9:14 · Douay-Rheims
“And the king commanded that it should be so done. And forthwith the edict was hung up in Susan, and the ten sons of Aman were hanged.”
Scholastic
c. 1100 – 1500
1105
A.D.
666 years pass — nothing from this stretch is hosted yet
Post-Reformation
c. 1650 – 1900
1771
A.D.
John Gill
Reformed
1697–1771
“But the other Jews that were in the king's provinces gathered themselves together,.... In a body, in their respective provinces and cities: and stood for their lives; defended themselves against those that attacked them: and had rest from their enemies; that selfsame day; all being destroyed by them, and none daring to appear against them: and slew of their foes 75,000 men; that is, in all the provinces put together: but they laid not their hands on the prey; See Gill on Est 9:7.”
1875
A.D.
Keil & Delitzsch
Lutheran
1861–1875
“The king commanded it so to be done. "Then was a decree given at Susa, and they hanged the ten sons of Haman." The decree given in Susa does not refer to the hanging of the sons of Haman, but to the permission given to the Jews to fight against their enemies on the morrow also. This is required not only by a comparison of Est 8:13, but also by the connection of the present verse; for in consequence of this decree the Jews assembled on the 14th Adar (comp. ויּקּהלוּ, then they assembled themselves, Est 9:15), while the hanging of the sons of Haman, on the contrary, is related in an accessory clause by a simple perfect, תּלוּ.”
Modern · 1953 →
The in-app commentary runs from the Fathers to the early-modern record, then stops — that's where the public-domain sources end, not where the reading does. For the modern reading, follow the sources directly.