And the church which is in their house. Salute Epenetus, my beloved: who is the firstfruits of Asia in Christ.

“"Likewise greet the Church that is in their house." For she had been so estimable as even to make their house a Church, both by making all in it believers, and because they opened it to all strangers. For he was not in the habit of calling any houses Churches, save where there was much piety, and much fear of God deeply rooted in them. And on this ground he said to the Corinthians also, "Salute Aquila and Priscilla, with the Church that is in their house." (1 Cor. xvi. 19.) And when writing about Onesimus, "Paul unto Philemon, and to the beloved Apphia, and to the Church that is in their house." (Philem. 1, 2.) For it is possible for a man even in the married state to be worthy of being looked up to, and noble. See then how these were in that state and became very honorable, and yet their occupation was far from being honorable; for they were "tent-makers." Still their virtue covered all this, and made them more conspicuous than the sun. And neither their trade nor their marriage (suzugia cf. Phil. iv. 3) was any hurt to them, but the love which Christ required of them, that they exhibited. "For greater love hath no man than this, He says, that a man lay down his life for his friends." (John xv. 13.) And that which is a proof of being a disciple, they achieve, since they took up the Cross and followed Him. For they who did this for Paul, would much rather have displayed their fortitude in Christ's behalf. Let rich and poor both hear all this. For if they who lived from their labor, and were managers of a workshop, exhibited such profuseness as to be of service to many Churches; what pardon can they expect, who are rich, and yet neglect the poor? For they were not sparing even of their blood for the sake of God's will, but thou art sparing even of scanty sums, and many times sparest not thine own soul. But in regard to the teacher were they so, and not so with regard to the disciples? Nay even this cannot be said. For "the churches of the Gentiles," he says, "thank them." And yet they were of the Jews. But still they had such a clear (eilikrinpwj) faith, as to minister unto them also with all willingness. Such ought women to be, not adorning themselves with "broidered hair, or gold, or costly array" (1 Tim. ii. 9), but in these good deeds. For what empress pray, was so conspicuous or so celebrated as this wife of the tent-maker? she is in everybody's mouth, not for ten or twenty years, but until the coming of Christ, and all proclaim her fame for things such as adorn far more than any royal diadem. For what is greater or so great, as to have been a succorer of Paul? at her own peril to have saved the teacher of the world? And consider: how many empresses there are that no one speaks of. But the wife of the tent-maker is everywhere reported of with the tent-maker (meaning perhaps St. Paul); and the width that the sun sees over, is no more of the world than what the glory of this woman runneth unto. Persians, and Scythians, and Thracians, and they who dwell in the uttermost parts of the earth, sing of the Christian spirit of this woman, and bless it. How much wealth, how many diadems and purples would you not be glad to venture upon obtaining such a testimony? For no one can say either, that in dangers they were of this character, and lavish with their money, and yet neglected the preaching. For he calls them "fellow-workers and helpers" on this ground. And this "chosen vessel" (Acts ix. 15) does not feel ashamed to call a woman his helper but even finds an honor in doing so. For it is not the sex (fisei) that he minds, but the will is what he honors. What is equal to this ornament? Where now is wealth overflowing on every side? and where the adorning of the person? and where is vainglory? Learn that the dress of woman is not that put about the body, but that which decorates the soul, which is never put off, which does not lie in a chest, but is laid up in the heavens. Look at their labor for the preaching, the crown in martyrdom, the munificence in money, the love of Paul, the charm (filtron) they found in Christ. Compare with this thine own estate, thy anxiety about money, thy vying with harlots (i. e. in dress), thy emulating of the grass, and then thou wilt see who they were and who thou art. Or rather do not compare only, but vie with this woman, and after laying aside the burdens of grass (xlohj), (for this is what thy costly dressing is), take thou the dress from heaven, and learn whence Priscilla became such as she was. How then did they become so? For two years they entertained Paul as a guest: (Probably Acts xix. 10) and what is there that these two years may not have done for their souls? What am I to do then, you will say because I have not Paul? If thou be minded thou mayest have him in a truer sense than they. For even with them the sight of Paul was not what made them of such a character, but the words of Paul. And so, if thou be so minded, thou shall have both Paul, and Peter, and John, and the whole choir of the Prophets, with the Apostles, associating with thee continually. For take the books of these blessed ones, and hold a continual intercourse with their writings, and they will be able to make thee like the tent-maker's wife. And why speak I of Paul? For if thou wilt, thou mayest have Paul's Master Himself. For through Paul's tongue even He will discourse with thee. And in another way again thou wilt be able to receive this Person, when thou receivest the saints, even when thou tendest those that believe on Him. And so even after their departure thou wilt have many memorials of piety. For even the table at which the saint ate, and a seat on which he sat, and the couch on which he lay knoweth how to pierce him that received him; even after his departure. How then, think you, was that Shunamite pierced at entering the upper chamber where Elisha abode, when she saw the table, the couch on which the holy man slept; and what religiousness must she have felt come from it? For had this not been so, she would not have cast the child there when dead, if she had not reaped great benefit from thence. For if so long time after upon entering in where Paul abode, where he was bound, where he sat and discoursed, we are elevated, and find ourselves starting off from the places to that memory (so Field: Vulg. "the memory of that day"); when the circumstances were still fresher, what must those have been likely to feel, who had religiously entertained him? Knowing all this then, let us receive the Saints, that the house may shine, that it may be freed from choking thorns, that the bedchamber may become a haven. And let us receive them, and wash their feet. Thou art not better than Sarah, nor more noble, nor more wealthy, though thou be an empress. For she had three hundred and eighteen homeborn servants, at a time when to have two servants even was to be wealthy. And why do I mention the three hundred and eighteen servants? She had become possessed of the whole world in her seed and in the promises, she had the "friend of God" (Is. xli. 8; James ii. 23) for her husband, God Himself as a Patron, a thing greater than any kingdom. And yet, though she was in so illustrious and honorable estate, this woman kneaded the flour, and did all the other servant's offices, and stood by them as they banqueted too in the rank of a servant. Thou art not of nobler birth than Abraham, who yet did the part of domestics after his exploits after his victories, after the honor paid him by the king of Egypt, after driving out the kings of the Persians, and raising the glorious trophies. And look not to this; that in appearance the Saints that lodge with thee are but poor, and as beggars, and in rags many times, but be mindful of that voice which says, "Inasmuch as ye have done it to the least of these, ye have done it unto me." (Matt. xxv. 40.) And, "Despise not one of these little ones, because their angels do always behold the face of My Father which is in heaven." (Matt. xviii. 10.) Receive them then with readiness of mind, bringing as they do ten thousand blessings to thee, through the greeting of peace. (ib. x. 12, 13.) And after Sarah, reflect upon Rebecca also, who both drew water and gave to drink, and called the stranger in, trampling down all haughtiness. However, through this, great were the rewards of hospitality she received! And thou, if thou be so minded, wilt receive even greater than those. For it will not be the fruit of children only that God will give thee, but the heaven, and the blessings there, and a freedom from hell, and a remission of sins. For great, yea, very great, is the fruit of hospitality. (Luke xi. 41.) Thus too Jethro, and that though he was a foreigner, gained for a relation him who with so great power commanded the sea. (Dan. iv. 27; Ex. iii. 1.) For his daughters too drew into his net this honorable prey. (Num. x. 29.) Setting then thy thoughts upon these things, and reflecting upon the manly and heroic temper of those women, trample upon the gorgeousness of this day, the adornments of dress, the costly jewelry, the anointing with perfumes. And have done with those wanton and delicate airs, and that mincing walk, and turn all this attentiveness unto the soul, and kindle up in thy mind a longing for the heavens. For should but his love take hold of thee, thou wilt discern the mire and the clay, and ridicule the things now so admired. For it is not even possible for a woman adorned with spiritual attainments to be seeking after this ridiculousness. Having then cast this aside, which wives of the lewder sort of men, and actresses, and singers, have so much ambition in, clothe thee with the love of wisdom, with hospitality, with the succoring of the Saints, with compunction, with continual prayer. These be better than cloth of gold, these more stately than jewels and than necklaces, these both make thee of good repute among men, and bring thee great reward with God. This is the dress of the Church, that of the playhouses. This is worthy of the heaven, that, of horses and mules; that is put even round dead corpses, this shineth in a good soul alone wherein Christ dwelleth. Let this then be the dress for us to acquire, that we also may have our praise sung everywhere, and be well-pleasing to Christ, by Whom and with Whom, etc. Amen.”

“After the Apostle set forth to the faithful Romans, to whom he was writing, certain personal matters pertaining to himself, here he sets down certain personal matters pertaining to others. And concerning this he does three things. First, he admonishes them what they ought to do toward others; second, he shows what others do toward them, at the words he salutes you, etc.; third, he ends the epistle with a giving of thanks, at the words now to him who is able, etc. Concerning the first he does two things. First he shows whom they ought to greet; second he shows whom they ought to avoid, at the words now I beseech you, brethren. Concerning the first, he commands that certain persons be greeted specifically; second, he sets down in general the manner of greeting, at the words greet one another, etc. Third, he greets them in common on behalf of the faithful, at the words they salute you, etc. Concerning the first, he speaks of a certain Corinthian woman who was going to Rome, whom he commends to them, describing her, first, by name, saying, now I commend to you Phoebe, who, although she was devoted to God, nevertheless was not of such authority that she did not need letters of commendation, just as he himself says of himself in 2 Corinthians 3:1: or do we need, as some do, letters of commendation? Second, he describes her by the religion of faith, saying our sister. For all faithful women are called sisters, just as all men are called brothers. Matthew 23:8: you are all brethren. Third, by the office of piety, when he says who is in the ministry of the Church which is at Cenchreae, the port of the Corinthians, where some Christians were gathered, whom the aforesaid woman served — just as also of Christ himself it is said in Luke 8:3 that certain women ministered to him from their means. And concerning the widow to be chosen it is said in 1 Timothy 5:10: if she has received guests, if she has washed the feet of the saints. Then he states two things in which he wishes her to be held as commended, of which the first is that she be honorably received. And this is what he says: that you receive her in the Lord, that is, for the love of God. Worthily of the saints, that is, according to what is worthy for saints to be received, according to Matthew 10:11: he who receives a just man in the name of a just man shall receive the reward of a just man. Certain books have, worthily enough, that is, fittingly; however this reading does not agree with the Greek. The second is that they help her diligently. Hence he adds that you assist her, namely by bringing counsel and aid in whatever business she may need of you. For perhaps she had some business to transact in Caesar's court. But against this seems to be what is said in 1 Thessalonians 4:11: attend to your own business — as if to say: do not meddle in the affairs of others. But it must be said that assisting in the affairs of others happens in two ways. In one way, in a worldly manner, that is, for the favor of men or for gain, and this does not befit the servants of God. 2 Timothy 2:4: no man serving as a soldier for God entangles himself in secular business. In another way, someone assists in the affairs of others out of piety, as in aid of the needy and the wretched, and this is a religious act, according to James 1:27: pure and undefiled religion before God and the Father is this: to visit orphans and widows in their tribulation. And it is in this way that the Apostle speaks here. Finally, the Apostle shows her merit, why this is owed to her, saying for she also has assisted many, and myself as well. Isaiah 3:10: say to the just man that it is well, for the reward of his hands shall be given to him. Matthew 5:7: blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. Then he commands that certain other persons joined to himself be greeted, saying, greet Prisca and Aquila — who was the husband of Prisca, but he places the woman first, perhaps on account of a greater devotion of faith — my helpers in Christ Jesus, that is, in the preaching of the faith of Christ. For he lodged with them at Corinth, as is found in Acts 18:2 and following. Who for my life laid down their own necks, that is, exposed themselves to the danger of death for the preserving of my life, which is a sign of the greatest charity. John 15:13: greater love than this has no one, that a man lay down his life for his friends. Now this seems to have happened at Corinth, where Paul suffered persecution, as is found in Acts 18:6. Or perhaps it must better be said that they exposed themselves to danger for the Apostle. For that which is read in Acts 18:2 took place when Prisca and Aquila, departing from Rome, came to Corinth, as is said in the same place. But the Apostle was writing this when he still supposed them to be at Rome. Now the life of the Apostle was necessary not so much for himself as for others, according to Philippians 1:24: but to remain in the flesh is necessary for your sake. And therefore he adds, to whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles — of whom I am the apostle and teacher, 1 Timothy 2:7: teacher of the Gentiles in faith and truth. And also, greet their household church. For they had many of the faithful gathered together in their house. Then he wishes another to be greeted, joined to him in love, saying, greet Epaenetus, beloved to me, who is the first-fruits of Asia in Christ. For he was the first in all of Asia to be converted to the faith of Christ, which was for him a matter of great dignity, Hebrews 12:22-23: you have come to the church of the firstborn, who are enrolled in heaven. But he was then at Rome. Then he says, greet Mary, who has labored much among you, to this end, that she might call them back to concord; and when she was not able to do this, she made it known to the Apostle. Wisdom 3:15: glorious is the fruit of good labors. Then he says, greet Andronicus and Junia, whom, first, he describes by lineage, when he says my kinsmen. In which he shows that they were Jews, concerning whom above, chapter 9:3: who are my kinsmen according to the flesh. Second, by the suffering undergone for Christ, saying and my fellow captives. For they had at some time been imprisoned along with the Apostle of Christ. 2 Corinthians 11:23: in prisons more abundantly. Third, by authority, when he says who are of note among the apostles, that is, noble among the preachers, according to Proverbs, the last chapter: her husband is noble in the gates. Fourth, by time, when he says and were in Christ Jesus before me. For they had been converted before the Apostle himself, and on this account greater reverence was owed to them. 1 Timothy 5:1: rebuke not an elder, but entreat him as a father. Then he says, greet Ampliatus, my beloved in the Lord, namely with the love of charity, which is in Christ. Philippians 1:8: God is my witness, how I long for you all in the bowels of Christ. Then he says, greet Urbanus, our helper in Christ, namely in the preaching of the faith, Proverbs 18:19: a brother who is helped by a brother, etc. And Stachys, my beloved, whom he joins together, because perhaps they dwelt together, or were joined by some other bond of relationship. Then he says, greet Apelles, approved in Christ, that is, tested in Christ, perhaps through some tribulations. Job 23:10: he has tried me as gold that passes through fire. Then he says, greet all who are of the household, that is, of the family of Aristobulus, in whose house many of the faithful were gathered together; he does not greet Aristobulus himself, because perhaps for some reason he was absent. Then he says, greet Herodion, my kinsman, who from this very fact is said to have been a Jew. Then he says, greet all who are of the household of Narcissus, who is said to have been a priest and to have traveled through desert places in order to strengthen the faithful of Christ. Hence, because the Apostle knew that he was at that time absent, he does not command that he himself be greeted, but his household. There were, however, in his household some unbelievers, and therefore, for the sake of distinction, he adds who are in the Lord, because he commands only the faithful to be greeted. 2 John 10: if anyone comes to you and does not bring this doctrine, do not receive him into your house, nor say to him, greetings. Then he says, greet Tryphaena and Tryphosa, who have labored in the Lord, that is, in the ministry of the saints, which the Lord reckons as done to himself, according to Matthew 25:40: what you have done to one of the least of mine, you have done to me. Then he says, greet Persis, my dearest, whom the Apostle especially loved on account of her devotion. Hence he adds who has labored much in the Lord, namely by exhorting others and ministering to the saints, and also in poverty and other spiritual labors. 2 Corinthians 11:27: in labors, in fastings, in watchings, etc. Then he says, greet Rufus, chosen in the Lord, that is, in the grace of Christ, Ephesians 1:4: he chose us in him before the foundation of the world — and his mother, namely according to the flesh, and mine, because she was his mother by kindness. For she had at some time served the Apostle, although she was not then at Rome. 1 Timothy 5:2: older women as mothers, younger women as sisters, in all chastity. Then he says, greet Asyncritus, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brethren who are with them, whom he greets together, because they lived together in harmony. Psalm 67:6: who makes those of one manner to dwell in a house. Then he says, greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister Olympias, and all the saints who are with them, that is, sanctified in the faith of Christ. 1 Corinthians 6:11: you have been washed and you have been sanctified. Then he shows the manner in which they should generally greet one another, saying, greet one another with a holy kiss, which is said in distinction from the lustful kiss, of which it is said in Proverbs 7:13: having caught hold of him, she kisses the young man. And also in distinction from the deceitful kiss, of which it is said in Proverbs 27:6: better are the wounds of one who loves, than the deceitful kisses of an enemy. Now a holy kiss is one that is given as a sign of the Holy Trinity. Song of Songs 1:1: let him kiss me with the kiss of his mouth. From this, moreover, a custom grew up in the Church that the faithful should give one another kisses of peace during the solemnities of the Mass. Then he greets them on behalf of the other churches, saying, all the churches of Christ salute you, that is, those gathered in the name and faith of Christ, because they all desire your welfare and pray for you. James, the last chapter: pray for one another, that you may be saved.”

“Likewise greet the church that is in their house,.... Which was either their own family, which might be somewhat large, and consisting entirely or chiefly of religious persons; for when they were in other places they had a church in their house as well as Rome; see Co1 16:19; or the saints at Rome, who used to meet privately at their house, and pray and sing praises together, speak to one another of the things of God, and build up one another in their most faith; and from their gathering together in the name of Christ, and for the worship of him, and among whom his presence, according to his promise, was, they are called a church, or an assembly of Christians. Salute my well beloved Epaenetus; for though all the saints were beloved by the apostle, yet there were some, as this good man, for whom he might have, on some account or another, a particular affection; as our Lord, as man, had for his disciple John, though he loved all his disciples. There is one of this name, said to be one of the seventy disciples, and bishop of Carthage; See Gill on Luk 10:1. Who is the firstfruits of Achaia unto Christ; that is, either he was one of the chief and principal for gifts and grace, or one of the first that was converted to Christ in those parts: the allusion is to the firstfruits under the law, which were offered unto the Lord, and were pledges of, and sanctified the rest. The Vulgate Latin, instead of Achaia, reads "Asia": and so it is read in the Alexandrian copy, and others: the reason of this different reading seems to be, because the house of Stephanas are said to be the firstfruits of Achaia, Co1 16:15. But this hinders not but that Epaenetus might be so too, for he might be one of the family of Stephanas, who was now removed to Rome. If he was a Jew, his Jewish name might be Judah, the same with Epaenetus, in Greek.”

“The Church that is in their house - In these primitive times no such places existed as those which we now term churches; the word always signifying the congregation or assembly of believers, and not the place they assembled in. See the term defined at the end of the notes, Mat 16:28 (note). Epenetus - the first fruits of Achaia - In Co1 16:15, the house or family of Stephanas is said to be the first fruits of Achaia: how then can it be said here, that Epenetus was the first fruits, or first person who had received the Gospel in that district? Ans. - Epenetus might have been one of the family of Stephanas; for it is not said that Stephanas was the first fruits, but his house or family; and there can be no impropriety in supposing that one of that house or family was called Epenetus; and that this person, being the only one of the family now at Rome, might be mentioned as the first fruits of Achaia; that is, one of that family which first received the Gospel in that country. This would rationally account for the apparent difficulty, were we sure that Αχαιας, of Achaia, was the true reading: but this is more than doubtful, for Ασιας, of Asia, is the reading of ABCDEFG, some others; the Coptic, Ethiopic, Armenian, Vulgate, and Itala; and some of the chief of the fathers. On this evidence Griesbach has admitted it into the text. Yet the other reading is sufficiently natural, for the reasons already assigned.”

“This means the assembly of Christians, who probably resorted to the house of Prisca and Aquila, as to a place of retreat, and there held their religious assemblies. Or it may mean their family only, which was as regular and holy as an assembly of saints. The apostle, in another place, salutes the Church in the house of Nympha, and writing to Philemon, salutes the Church in his house. (1 Corinthians xvi. 19.)”

“Likewise the church that is in their house--The Christian assembly that statedly met there for worship. "From his occupation as tent-maker, he had probably better accommodations for the meetings of the church than most other Christians" [HODGE]. Probably this devoted couple had written to the apostle such an account of the stated meetings at their house, as made him feel at home with them, and include them in this salutation, which doubtless would be read at their meetings with peculiar interest. Salute my well beloved EpÃ&brvbrnetus, who is the first-fruits--that is, the first convert of Achaia unto Christ--The true reading here, as appears by the manuscripts, is, "the first-fruits of Asia unto Christ"--that is, Proconsular Asia (see Act 16:6). In Co1 16:15 it is said that "the household of Stephanas was the first-fruit of Achaia"; and though if EpÃ&brvbrnetus was one of that family, the two statements might be reconciled according to the received text, there is no need to resort to this supposition, as that text is in this instance without authority. EpÃ&brvbrnetus, as the first believer in that region called Proconsular Asia, was dear to the apostle. (See Hos 9:10; Mic 7:1). None of the names mentioned from Rom 16:5-15 are otherwise known. One wonders at the number of them, considering that the writer had never been at Rome. But as Rome was then the center of the civilized world, to and from which journeys were continually taken to the remotest parts, there is no great difficulty in supposing that so active a travelling missionary as Paul would, in course of time, make the acquaintance of a considerable number of the Christians then residing at Rome.”