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Behold, this is the third time I am coming to you: In the mouth of two or three witnesses shall every word stand.† I have told before, and foretell, as present, and now absent, to them that sinned before, and to all the rest, that if I come again, I will not spare.† Do you seek a proof of Christ that speaketh in me, who towards you is not weak, but is mighty in you?† For although he was crucified through weakness, yet he liveth by the power of God. For we also are weak in him: but we shall live with him by the power of God towards you.† Try your own selves if you be in the faith; prove ye yourselves. Know you not your own selves, that Christ Jesus is in you, unless perhaps you be reprobates?† But I trust that you shall know that we are not reprobates.† Now we pray God, that you may do no evil, not that we may appear approved, but that you may do that which is good, and that we may be as reprobates.† For we can do nothing against the truth; but for the truth.† For we rejoice that we are weak, and you are strong. This also we pray for, your perfection.† Therefore I write these things, being absent, that, being present, I may not deal more severely, according to the power which the Lord hath given me unto edification, and not unto destruction.† For the rest, brethren, rejoice, be perfect, take exhortation, be of one mind, have peace; and the God of peace and of love shall be with you.† Salute one another with a holy kiss. All the saints salute you.† The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the charity of God, and the communication of the Holy Ghost be with you all. Amen.†

Translator notes

13:1 the λύπη family — λύπη "grief," λυπέω "grieve," rendered consistently. συνοχή (v4) "anguish," from συνέχω "to press together" — a heart under pressure, matching the θλῖψις "tribulation" it stands beside. Not softened to "distress." · διακονίαν "service" (Pauline consistency, and the ch3 thread). ἐγκακοῦμεν "lose heart" (ἐγκακέω), also v16; kept over "grow weary." · σκῆνος "tent" (5:1, 5:4) — "the earthly house, this tent," matching the σκηνόω tent/tabernacle image (John 1:14); the body as a temporary tent against the eternal "building." ἐπενδύσασθαι "clothed over" (ἐπενδύω, v2, 4) — to put a garment ON OVER another, not merely "clothed"; the resurrection body over the mortal. καταλυθῇ "torn down" (of the tent). καταποθῇ "swallowed up" (καταπίνω), as at 2:7. · παρακαλοῦμεν "we urge" — the APPEAL sense of the split (working together with God, we urge you), not "comfort." εἰς κενὸν "in vain," the empty-purpose idiom. χάριν "grace" (locked). · μολυσμοῦ "defilement" (μολυσμός), a staining/pollution. ἐπιτελοῦντες "carrying… through" (ἐπιτελέω, also 8:6, 11) — the Paul-scoped lock (Gal 3:3 "carrying through by flesh"), kept DISTINCT from the τέλει- family that owns "complete" (τελειόω, τέλειος). First drafted "completing/complete" at 7:1, 8:6, 8:11 — drift caught by the gate 2026-07-21 and corrected. ἁγιωσύνην "holiness." · THE COLLECTION — KEEP THE VEIL (Seth's Policy A, 2026-07-21). Paul names the relief-fund only with elevated words, never "money." χάρις "grace" (8:1, 6, 7) / "favor" (8:4, the favor they begged for) — the locked split; the gift IS God's grace at work. κοινωνία "sharing" (8:4, locked, 2Cor scope; matches Rom 15:26, also the collection). διακονία "service" (8:4). παράκλησις "urging" (8:4 — the APPEAL sense, distinct from ch7's "comfort"; they begged with much urging). ἁπλότης "generosity" (8:2 — the giving sense, a collocational shift from Rom 12:8 "simplicity"). δοκιμῇ "test"; θλῖψις "tribulation"; πτωχεία "poverty" (πτωχ- "poor"). ἐπιτελέσῃ (v6) "carry this grace through among you" (ἐπιτελέω, "carry through") — the elevated collection-as-grace kept, not flattened to "this collection." · διακονία "service" (9:1, 12, 13 — the same word as Paul's gospel-service, linking the two). προθυμία "readiness"; καυχάομαι/καύχημα "boast/boasting" (9:2, 3); κενωθῇ "emptied" (κενόω). ὑπόστασις (v4) "confidence" (the ground he stands on in boasting). εὐλογία "blessing" (9:5, twice — the generous gift; kept over "bounty" to hold the gift-as-blessing sense) against πλεονεξία "a grudging exaction" (greed/extortion — the gift given freely, not squeezed out). TEXTUAL v5: Nestle ὡς εὐλογίαν καὶ μὴ "and not" (Tisch drops καί); we follow Nestle. · παρακαλῶ "I urge" — the APPEAL sense (the split), opening Paul's defense. πραΰτητος "meekness" / ἐπιεικείας "gentleness." κατὰ πρόσωπον "in presence / to the face" (πρόσωπον, a thread through the book). θαρρῶ "bold" (θαρρέω, the signature; 5:6, 8, 7:16). · THE FOOL'S SPEECH BEGINS. ἀφροσύνη "foolishness" (11:1, 17, 21; ἄφρων "foolish" 11:16, 19; 12:6, 11) — the ratified fool-family collapse (GLOSSARY): both render "foolish/foolishness." The GLOSSARY's open question "decide ἄφρων/ἀφροσύνη at 2 Cor" is resolved here — the collapse holds, the irony carried by context, no verse pairs two distinct fool-lemmas. Ὄφελον "I wish"; ἀνέχομαι "bear with." · ὀπτασίας "visions" / ἀποκαλύψεις "revelations." ἁρπαγέντα / ἡρπάγη "caught up" (ἁρπάζω, seized/snatched). Παράδεισον "Paradise" (v4 — the Douay probe verse). ἄρρητα ῥήματα "unspeakable things" (ἄρρητος, not-to-be-spoken; ῥῆμα → "thing," the locked set saying/thing/matter, kept distinct from λόγος "word"). Paul's threefold "I do not know… God knows" repetition kept. · LXX CITATION — Deuteronomy 19:15, "by the mouth of two witnesses and of three shall every matter be established." VERIFIED against Swete: Paul abbreviates (ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων καὶ τριῶν), dropping the LXX's repeated "and by the mouth of three witnesses" to "and of three." ῥῆμα "matter" (the legal sense of the citation; the locked set saying/thing/matter, distinct from λόγος "word").

13:2 δολοῦντες "adulterating" (δολόω) — literally to bait/doctor, as a merchant cuts wine (cf. καπηλεύω 2:17); kept concrete over "handle deceitfully." συνιστάνοντες "commending" (συνίστημι, the self-commendation motif, v4, 5:12, 6:4). · LXX CITATION — Isaiah 49:8, "In an acceptable time I heard you, and in a day of salvation I helped you." VERIFIED against Swete: word-identical (καιρῷ δεκτῷ ἐπήκουσά σου…). Paul's applied line uses εὐπρόσδεκτος "well-acceptable" for the intensive, distinct from the citation's δεκτῷ. · Χωρήσατε "make room for us" (χωρέω) — the spatial verb, kept literal (open a space in your hearts), against the flat "receive us." ἐπλεονεκτήσαμεν "took advantage of" (πλεονεκτέω, as 2:11, 12:17–18). · λογίζομαι rendered twice: "I reckon I will dare" and "who reckon us as walking κατὰ σάρκα" (locked "count/consider/reckon"). πεποιθήσει "confidence." · ἡρμοσάμην "I betrothed" (ἁρμόζω); παρθένον ἁγνήν "a pure virgin." v3 TEXTUAL — Nestle ADDS καὶ τῆς ἁγνότητος "and the purity" (Tisch omits); we follow Nestle: "from the sincerity AND the purity toward Christ." ἁπλότης "sincerity" HERE (11:3, the single-hearted devotion sense), NOT the "generosity" of ch8–9 — the collocational split (this is devotion to Christ, not giving). νοήματα "thoughts." ἐξηπάτησεν "deceived" (ἐξαπατάω); ὄφις "serpent." · προημαρτηκόσιν "who have sinned before" (προαμαρτάνω); φείσομαι "I will not spare" (φείδομαι, as 1:23).

13:3 THE COMFORT THEME — Seth's call 2026-07-21. παράκλησις/παρακαλέω render "comfort" here (10× in five verses), the consolation-in-suffering sense, braided with θλῖψις "tribulation" and παθήματα "sufferings." This is an author-internal split from Romans' "encouragement" (Rom 15:4–5), licensed because 2 Cor's sense is genuinely consolation, not exhortation. The appeal-sense uses of the verb later in the book stay "urge/appeal/entreat" (2:8, 5:20, 6:1, 10:1). οἰκτιρμῶν (v3) → "mercies" — the compassion word; θλίβω (v6) → "pressed," keeping the root pressure-image of the locked noun θλῖψις "tribulation." · σαρκίναις "of flesh" (σάρκινος) — "tablets that are hearts of flesh," the physical material against "tablets of stone" (Exod 31:18); the Ezek 11:19 / 36:26 "heart of flesh" image. · δοκιμή "proof"; the ἀσθεν-/δυνατ- (weak/powerful) antithesis carried through, into the cross itself: "crucified out of weakness, but he lives out of the power of God." δυνατεῖ "is powerful" (δυνατέω, a book word; 9:8, 13:3).

13:4 ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου "the god of this age" — LOWERCASE "god": the reference is to Satan (the blinder of unbelievers), not the Father, so the divine-pronoun/title capitalization does not apply. ἐτύφλωσεν "blinded" (τυφλόω); νοήματα "minds" (as 3:14, 4:4). φωτισμὸν "illumination" (φωτισμός, also v6), kept over the flatter "light." · the hardship catalogue. θλίψεσιν "tribulations" (locked); ἀνάγκαις "hardships" (ἀνάγκη); στενοχωρίαις "distresses" (the NOUN στενοχωρία → "distress," matching Rom 8:35, while the VERB στενοχωρέω keeps the spatial "hemmed in/cramped" at 4:8, 6:12 where the pun lives). διάκονοι "servants" of God (locked). πληγαῖς "beatings"; ἀκαταστασίαις "tumults"; ἀγρυπνίαις "sleepless nights." · THE COMFORT REPRISE — παράκλησις/παρακαλέω render "comfort" here (7:4, 6, 7, 13), the same consolation sense as ch1 (God comforts the lowly by the coming of Titus). πληρόω (v4) "filled" (locked, "fill/full"); θλῖψις "tribulation." θλίβω (v5) "pressed." ταπεινούς "the lowly" (ταπεινός). This is the appeal/comfort split in action — contrast 8:4, 8:17, where the SAME noun παράκλησις renders "urging." · THE MILITARY IMAGERY, kept concrete. ὅπλα "weapons" (not "tools"); στρατεία "warfare"; σαρκικά "fleshly" (σαρκικός, Paul lock); καθαίρεσις "tearing down" (a book signature — 10:4, 8, 13:10 — a demolition word, kept over "destruction"); ὀχυρωμάτων "strongholds"; λογισμούς "reasonings"; ὕψωμα "high thing"; αἰχμαλωτίζοντες "taking captive"; νόημα "thought" (10:5). πληρωθῇ (v6) "is fulfilled" (πληρόω, locked).

13:5 δούλους "slaves" (locked; not "servants") — "ourselves as your slaves for Jesus' sake." κηρύσσομεν "proclaim" (of Christ as Lord). · ἀρραβῶνα "down payment" (locked; as 1:22). · ὑπερλίαν ἀποστόλων "the super-apostles" (ὑπερλίαν, "exceedingly") — Paul's ironic name for the rivals; kept as the mocking superlative. λογίζομαι "consider" (locked). · πειράζετε "test yourselves" (πειράζω — the self-testing, people-sense "test," not "tempt") alongside δοκιμάζετε "prove yourselves." ἀδόκιμος "unproven" (failed the test), the running contrast with δόκιμος "approved" (13:7). ἐπιγινώσκετε "recognize."

13:6 THE LETTER/SPIRIT ANTITHESIS — Seth's call 2026-07-21: γράμμα → "letter," keeping the received antithesis and matching Rom 2:29 "in spirit, not in letter." καινῆς διαθήκης "a new covenant" (διαθήκη is uniformly "covenant" in Paul). διακόνους "servants" (locked).]` `[gloss: the letter | Paul means the written code of the Law — a different Greek word (γράμμα) from the recommendation-"letter" (ἐπιστολή) of vv1–3. The written commandment, taken by itself, condemns and kills; the Spirit gives life. · Genesis 1:3 ALLUSION — "Out of darkness light shall shine," Paul's compression of the creation command (LXX Gen 1:3 γενηθήτω φῶς). Not a formula quotation; woven in. ἐν προσώπῳ Χριστοῦ "in the face of Christ" (πρόσωπον, picking up Moses' face of ch3). · ἐνδημέω / ἐκδημέω "at home / away from home" (5:6, 8, 9) — a matched pair kept literal (the -δημ- root is "among one's own people"); "at home in the body / away from home from the Lord." φιλοτιμούμεθα "make it our ambition" (φιλοτιμέομαι). βήματος (v10) "judgment seat," the raised tribunal. · μακροθυμίᾳ "patience" (μακροθυμία) — NOT "long-suffering" (the 1 Cor 13:4 lesson: the μακροθυμ- family is patience/slow-to-anger, and a modern ear misreads the archaism). ἀγάπῃ ἀνυποκρίτῳ "unfeigned love" (ἀνυπόκριτος, un-play-acted). χρηστότητι "kindness." · εὐλογία adverbial "bountifully" (ἐπ' εὐλογίαις, 9:6 twice) — "the one who sows bountifully will also reap bountifully," against φειδομένως "sparingly." The sowing/reaping image kept plain. · ἰδιώτης "unskilled" (a layman/amateur in rhetoric) — the outsider's word, kept over "rude." · ἄφρων "foolish" (fool-family). λογίσηται "reckon" (λογίζομαι, locked).

13:7 παρακαλέσαι "comfort" — the consolation sense again (forgive AND comfort the offender, lest grief swallow him). καταποθῇ "be swallowed up" (καταπίνω), kept concrete. · διακονία "service" throughout (Pauline consistency; the same word will name the relief-fund in ch8–9), against διάκονος "servant" (v6, locked). καταργέω → "abolished" (the Paul-scoped lock: "abolish/sever"; Rom 3:3, 1Cor 13:8–11) — here the fading glory of Moses' face was being brought to nothing. κατάκρισις (v9) "condemnation," matching κατάκριμα. Variant v9: Nestle reads ἡ διακονία (nominative, "the service of condemnation WAS glory") against Tisch/SBL τῇ διακονίᾳ (dative); we follow Nestle. · LXX PLUS — "God loves a cheerful giver" (ἱλαρὸν… δότην ἀγαπᾷ ὁ Θεός) matches an addition at Proverbs 22:8a present in the Greek OT but NOT in Swete's base line for 22:8 (verified 2026-07-21); a known LXX plus, so noted rather than marked "unverifiable." προῄρηται "purposed"; λύπη "grief"; ἀνάγκη "compulsion." ἱλαρόν "cheerful" (whence "hilarious"). · λογιζέσθω "let him consider" (10:7, 11, locked). Τὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον "things according to the face" — surface appearances (πρόσωπον). · ἁμαρτίαν "sin" (locked) — "did I commit a sin in humbling myself." εὐαγγελίζω "proclaim the good news"; δωρεάν "freely" (without charge). ἐσύλησα "robbed" (συλάω, plundered) — kept blunt; ὀψώνιον "wages" (a soldier's pay); διακονίαν "service." καταναρκάω "be a burden" (11:9, 12:13, 14 — a book signature); προσανεπλήρωσαν "filled up" (προσαναπληρόω). · σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί "a thorn in the flesh" (σκόλοψ, a stake/splinter) — the Greek does not say what it was; kept as blunt as Paul left it. ἄγγελος Σατανᾶ "a messenger of Satan" (12:7 — ἄγγελος in the "messenger" sense, the GLOSSARY split; contrast 11:14 "an angel of light"). κολαφίζῃ "to buffet" (κολαφίζω, strike with the fist). The doubled ἵνα μὴ ὑπεραίρωμαι "so that I might not be over-exalted" kept at both ends — Paul's own repetition (κeep the author's).

13:8 ἐβαρήθημεν "weighed down" (βαρέω); καθ' ὑπερβολήν "beyond measure" (ὑπερβολή, a book signature); ἐξαπορηθῆναι "despaired" (ἐξαπορέομαι, 100% concentration in 2 Cor — also 4:8). τοῦ ζῆν "of living" kept literal — Paul despaired of life itself. · παρακαλῶ "I urge" — here the appeal sense (contrast v7's "comfort"), per the settled split. κυρῶσαι "confirm/ratify" (κυρόω), a legal word for making a decision binding. · the four-fold antithesis. θλιβόμενοι "pressed" (θλίβω) / στενοχωρούμενοι "hemmed in" (στενοχωρέω — the narrow-space image kept; sets up 6:12). ἀπορούμενοι / ἐξαπορούμενοι "at a loss / driven to despair" — Paul's wordplay on the ἀπορ- stem (the second is intensified); the English keeps the escalation. διωκόμενοι "persecuted"; καταβαλλόμενοι "struck down." · the λύπη family: λυπέω "grieve," λύπη "grief." μεταμέλομαι "regret" (v8), kept distinct from μετάνοια "repentance" (v9–10) — Paul does not "repent" of the letter, he does not "regret" it; the grief he caused led to their "repentance." κατὰ Θεόν "according to God" (godly grief). ζημιωθῆτε "suffer loss." · παρεκάλεσα "I appealed" (12:8 — the APPEAL sense: he appealed to the Lord). εἴρηκέν μοι "he has said to me" — the risen Christ speaks. The Son's pronouns are NOT capitalized for reverence (only the Father's are), so the capital "My" in "My grace" here is ONLY the sentence-initial capital of the quotation (as "Out" at 4:6), not a divine capital — a mid-sentence possessive would be lowercase. This is the §QC-25 position: a red-letter possessive at quote-start that reads as reverential but is not. χάρις "grace" (locked). τελεῖται "is made complete" (τελέω) — kept over "perfected," reserving no "perfect" for the τέλει- family. TEXTUAL v9: Nestle omits μου, so "in weaknesses" not "in my weaknesses"; we follow Nestle. ἐπισκηνώσῃ "may pitch its tent upon me" (ἐπισκηνόω) — the tent image KEPT, echoing σκῆνος "tent" (5:1) and the σκηνόω family.]` `[gloss: pitch its tent upon me | the Greek uses a tent-word: Christ's power comes and takes up lodging over Paul, like the tabernacle-glory settling on the tent (cf. the "tent" of 5:1).

13:9 ἐπτώχευσεν "became poor" / πτωχείᾳ "poverty" (πτωχός, the beggar-word) — "though he was rich, for your sake he became poor." The great exchange, stated in the collection's own economic vocabulary. · LXX CITATION — Psalm 112:9 (LXX 111:9), "He scattered abroad, he gave to the poor; his righteousness remains forever." VERIFIED against Swete: word-identical (ἐσκόρπισεν, ἔδωκεν τοῖς πένησιν…); Paul drops the LXX's closing τοῦ αἰῶνος. πένησιν "the poor" — πένης, the laboring poor, a DIFFERENT word from πτωχός "the destitute/beggar" (this is πένης' only NT occurrence, and it is in a citation). · κατάρτισις "restoration" (v9) / καταρτίζεσθε "be restored" (v11, καταρτίζω — to mend/set right, as of a net). ἀποτόμως "sharply" (cuttingly). καθαίρεσις "tearing down" (13:10 — the signature closes where the letter's authority-theme began, 10:4, 8). ἐξουσίαν "authority."

13:10 νέκρωσιν "the dying" (νέκρωσις, a putting-to-death) — the mortal wasting Paul carries in the body; kept over "death" so it stays distinct from θάνατος. · ἔπραξεν "practiced" (πράσσω) — the Paul-scoped lock (Rom renders πράσσω "practice" throughout); the exact parallel is Rom 9:11 "had practiced anything good or worthless," the same ἀγαθόν/φαῦλον pairing. First drafted "did" (drift caught by the gate 2026-07-21) and corrected. φαῦλον "worthless" (φαῦλος) — the paltry/good-for-nothing, kept over a bare "evil"; set against ἀγαθόν "good." κομίσηται "receive back" (κομίζω), of receiving one's due wages. · πέρυσι "a year ago" (v10, also 9:2). προθυμία "readiness" (8:11, 12, 19; 9:2) — the willing spirit behind the gift. συμφέρει "is profitable." εὐπρόσδεκτος "well-acceptable" (as 6:2). · Isaiah 55:10 / Hosea 10:12 echo (seed to the sower, the fruits of righteousness), woven not quoted. ἐπιχορηγῶν "supplies" (ἐπιχορηγέω); γενήματα "fruits/produce." · φησίν "they say" — kept present as the citation of an ongoing charge (what Paul's opponents say of him), not a narrator's report of a past event, so it is NOT normalized to past (§QC-24). βαρεῖαι "weighty," ἰσχυραί "strong," ἀσθενής "weak," ἐξουθενημένος "contemptible" — the opponents' words quoted. · the second hardship list: ὕβρεσιν "insults," ἀνάγκαις "hardships," διωγμοῖς "persecutions," στενοχωρίαις "distresses" (the NOUN στενοχωρία → "distress," as 6:4). δυνατός "strong." The paradox kept plain: "whenever I am weak, then I am strong."

13:11 ἐκ πολλῶν προσώπων "from many faces" — πρόσωπον is "face," here by extension the many persons giving thanks; kept "faces" with the sense of many upturned faces. χάρισμα "gift of grace" (locked). The Greek syntax is knotted (the thanksgiving arising from many, for the gift given through many); the English preserves both "manys" rather than smoothing one away. · THE SPATIAL PUN. πλατύνω "opened wide" (v11, 13) against στενοχωρέω "cramped" (v12) — heart thrown open vs. affections narrowed; the verb στενοχωρέω keeps its narrow-space image (cf. 4:8). σπλάγχνοις "affections" (v12) — the σπλάγχνα (inward parts) render "affections" HERE, deviating from the GLOSSARY's "heart," because καρδία "heart" is used one verse up (v11) and collapsing the two would erase Paul's shift. ἀντιμισθίαν "in return" (a recompense in kind). · the seven-fold list of what godly grief produced: σπουδήν "diligence," ἀπολογίαν "defense," ἀγανάκτησιν "indignation" (from ἀγανακτέω, locked "indignant"), φόβον "fear," ἐπιπόθησιν "longing," ζῆλον "zeal," ἐκδίκησιν "punishment." συνεστήσατε "you proved" (συνίστημι, the commend/prove verb). ἁγνούς "pure." · ἁπλότης "generosity" (9:11, 13, the giving sense). διακονία "service" (9:12, 13) / λειτουργία "ministry" (9:12) — "the service of this ministry," the quasi-priestly public-service word stacked with διακονία; both kept, neither flattened. κοινωνία "sharing" (9:13, locked). προσαναπληροῦσα "filling up" (προσαναπληρόω). ὁμολογίας "confession"; εὐαγγέλιον "good news." · ἄφρων "foolish"; συνίστασθαι "commended" (συνίστημι); ὑπερλίαν ἀποστόλων "the super-apostles" (as 11:5). σημεῖα/τέρασιν/δυνάμεσιν "signs and wonders and works of power" (the standard triad). καταναρκάω "be a burden" (12:13, 14 — the signature; also 11:9). ἡσσώθητε "made inferior." χαρίσασθέ "forgive" (χαρίζομαι). · παρακαλεῖσθε "be comforted" — the consolation sense, closing the book's comfort theme in the farewell (with "the God of love and peace"); the alternative "heed the appeal" is possible but the benedictory context favors comfort. φρονεῖτε "think" (τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖτε, be of one mind); εἰρηνεύετε "be at peace."

13:12 ἐν προσώπῳ "in the face / in appearance" against ἐν καρδίᾳ "in the heart" — those who boast in the outward. συνιστάνομεν "commending" (the motif again). · TEXTUAL — Nestle reads οὐχ "not" (Tisch οὐκ), orthographic only; no English change. ἀδικήσαντος / ἀδικηθέντος "the one who did the wrong / the one wronged." · THE MEASURING-ROD. συγκρίνω "compare" (10:12); συνίστημι "commend" (10:12, 18 — the self-commendation motif closes here). κανών "rule/measure" (10:13, 15, 16 — a measuring line, the assigned field of work). ἄμετρα "beyond measure." καυχάομαι "boast" throughout. εὐαγγελίζω (v16) "proclaim the good news" (locked). v17 LXX CITATION — Jeremiah 9:23–24, "let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord," rendered WORD-IDENTICAL to 1 Cor 1:31 (the Greek is identical: Ὁ… καυχώμενος ἐν Κυρίῳ καυχάσθω), harmonized per the identical-Greek rule. δόκιμος (v18) "approved." · ἐκκόψω "cut out" (ἐκκόπτω, locked "cut out/down") — kept DISTINCT from ἀποκόπτω "cut off" (Gal 5:12); first drafted "cut off" (drift caught by the gate 2026-07-21) and corrected. "cut out the occasion (ἀφορμή)" — remove the pretext the rivals want. · φιλήματι "a holy kiss." THE TRINITARIAN BENEDICTION (13:13): χάρις "grace" of Christ, ἀγάπη "love" of God, κοινωνία "sharing" of the Holy Spirit (κοινωνία locked, 2Cor scope — "the sharing of the Holy Spirit," kept concrete over "communion/fellowship," consistent with the collection's κοινωνία and Rom 15:26). The three persons named together; the rendering does not import "communion" where Paul's word is his ordinary "sharing."

13:13 κάλυμμα "veil" (locked signature term; Exod 34:33–35). τέλος "the end" — of what was being abolished; Moses veiled his face so Israel would not watch the radiance fade. Variant: Nestle αὐτοῦ "his own face" (Tisch ἑαυτοῦ); no English change. · LXX CITATION — Psalm 116:10 (LXX 115:1), "I believed, therefore I spoke." VERIFIED against Swete: Paul's ἐπίστευσα, διὸ ἐλάλησα is word-identical to the LXX. πνεῦμα τῆς πίστεως "spirit of faith" (πίστις locked). · ἐξέστημεν "were beside ourselves" (ἐξίστημι, locked "beside") against σωφρονοῦμεν "of sound mind" (σωφρονέω) — the two poles of how they had been called. · ἰσότης "equality" (8:13, 14). περίσσευμα "abundance" / ὑστέρημα "lack." LXX CITATION v15 — Exodus 16:18 (the manna): "the one who had much did not have too much…" VERIFIED against Swete; Paul abbreviates the LXX to its two balanced clauses (ὁ τὸ πολύ… ὁ τὸ ὀλίγον). · μετασχηματίζω "disguise themselves" (11:13, 14, 15 — a book signature, to change outward form/masquerade); kept over "transform." ψευδαπόστολοι "false apostles"; ἐργάται δόλιοι "deceitful workers." ἄγγελον φωτός "an angel of light" (11:14 — ἄγγελος heavenly, the GLOSSARY split; contrast 12:7 "messenger of Satan"). διάκονοι "servants" (locked, 11:15).

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