The interpretation timeline

Matt 26:45

How this passage has been read — the sources, oldest to newest.

From the early Church Fathers to now.

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Patristic before A.D. 750
Origen · c. A.D. 184–253 A.D. 253
“Or, the sleep He now bids His disciples take is of a different sort from that which is related above to have befallen them. Then He found them sleeping, not taking repose, but because their eyes were heavy, but now they are not merely to sleep, but to take their rest, that this order may be rightly observed, namely, that we first watch with prayer that we enter not into temptation, and afterwards sleep and take our rest, when having found a place for the Lord, a tabernacle for the God of Jacob, (Ps. 132:3.) we may go up into our bed, and give sleep to our eyes. It may be also that the soul, unable to sustain a continual energy by reason of its union with the flesh, may blamelessly admit some relaxations, which may be the moral interpretation of slumbers, and then again after due time be quickened to new energy.”
Catena Aurea: Gospel of Matthew, as excerpted in the Catena Aurea on Matthew 26:45-46 PD · J. H. Newman (Oxford, 1841) ↗
Origen · c. A.D. 184–253 A.D. 253
“And even now Jesus is betrayed into the hands of sinners, when those who seem to believe in Jesus, continue to sin while they have Him in their hands. Also whenever a righteous man, who has Jesus in Him, is put into the power of sinners, Jesus is delivered into the hands of sinners.”
Catena Aurea: Gospel of Matthew, as excerpted in the Catena Aurea on Matthew 26:45-46 PD · J. H. Newman (Oxford, 1841) ↗
Hilary of Poitiers · c. A.D. 310–367 A.D. 367
“Or, He bids them sleep on, and take their rest, because He now confidently awaited His Father’s will concerning the disciples, concerning which He had said, Thy will be done, and in obedience to which He drunk the cup that was to pass from Him to us, diverting upon Himself the weakness of our body, the terrors of dismay, and even the pains of death itself.”
Catena Aurea: Gospel of Matthew, as excerpted in the Catena Aurea on Matthew 26:45-46 PD · J. H. Newman (Oxford, 1841) ↗
Hilary of Poitiers · c. A.D. 310–367 A.D. 367
“And whereas, when He returned and found them sleeping, He rebukes them the first time, the second time says nothing, the third time bids them take their rest; the interpretation of this is, that at the first after His resurrection, when He finds them dispersed, distrustful, and timorous, He rebukes them; the second time, when their eyes were heavy to look upon the liberty of the Gospel, He visited them, sending them the Spirit, the Paraclete; for, held back by attachment to the Law, they slumbered in respect of faith; but the third time, when He shall come in His glory, He shall restore them to quietness and confidence.”
Catena Aurea: Gospel of Matthew, as excerpted in the Catena Aurea on Matthew 26:45-46 PD · J. H. Newman (Oxford, 1841) ↗
Jerome · c. A.D. 347–420 A.D. 420
“Having concluded His third prayer, and having obtained that the Apostles’ terror should be corrected by subsequent penitence, He goes forth undaunted by the prospect of His own Passion to meet His pursuers, and offers Himself voluntarily to be sacrificed. Arise, let us be going; as much as to say, Let them not find you trembling, let us go forth willingly to death, that they may see us confident and rejoicing in suffering; Lo, he that shall betray me draweth near.”
Catena Aurea: Gospel of Matthew, as excerpted in the Catena Aurea on Matthew 26:45-46 PD · J. H. Newman (Oxford, 1841) ↗
Augustine of Hippo · A.D. 354–430 A.D. 430
“(de Cons. Ev. iii. 4.) This speech as Matthew has it seems self-contradictory. For how could He say, Sleep on, and take your rest, and immediately continue, Rise, let us be going. This contradiction some have endeavoured to reconcile by supposing the words, Sleep on, and take your rest, to be an ironical rebuke, and not a permission; it might be rightly so taken if need were. But as Mark records it, when He had said, Sleep on, and take your rest, He added, it is enough, and then continued, The hour is come, behold, the Son of man is betrayed into the hands of sinners; (Mark 14:41.) we clearly understand the Lord to have been silent some time after He had said, Sleep on, to allow of their doing so, and then after some interval to have roused them with, Behold, the hour is at hand. And as Mark fills up the sense with, it is enough, that is, ye have had rest enough.”
Catena Aurea: Gospel of Matthew, as excerpted in the Catena Aurea on Matthew 26:45-46 PD · J. H. Newman (Oxford, 1841) ↗

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