Radak (David Kimhi) on Psalms

“To my understanding, these two verses speak about Israel. "He who quieted the raging waters before Israel," who split the sea and brought them through its midst, "He will quiet the multitude of nations" and their raging, and will bring up Israel from their midst. Just as those who live at the ends of the earth saw the signs You made for them at the Parting of the Sea of Reeds -- as it says (Exodus.15.14) "Nations heard, they were frightened" -- so too, at the ingathering of exiles, they will be afraid of You and awed by Your signs once again. And just as You caused their hearts to shout for joy by "bringing out morning and evening" (Exodus.13.22) 'a pillar of cloud each day and a pillar of fire at night,' You will do the same for them at the ingathering of exiles.”

“Psalm. This psalm is spoken about the perplexity of the children of the world regarding the peace of the wicked and the suffering of the righteous in this world. This poet Asaf speaks about his own tongue or the tongue of every fool: He says, "Surely God is good to Israel." Even though they are in exile, God is good to them and will continue to preserve their good deeds. It is also good for those with a sincere heart among the other nations, even though they experience evil in this world, they will have goodness in the world to come. And the meaning of "surely" is that I truly know what will happen, for He will still bestow goodness upon them.”

“"And I, I am leaning." It is written as "netuy" and pronounced as "netivo," which is an action done by a fool in this context. The word "shafcha" (she poured) is written with a "heh" at the end, which indicates the feminine gender, referring to each foot. However, the pronunciation is "shafchu," with a "vav" added, referring to the two feet that are shackled. The meaning of the verse is that my steps almost slipped from faith when I saw the well-being of the wicked. I poured out. I almost relinquished my faith in the land, meaning as if I stood without any support, that I did not stumble. The matter that kept me standing was so slight that it seemed as if it didn't exist. Therefore, he said "as if it were nothing."”

“For there are no pains in their death. They enjoy goodness throughout their lives, until the day of their death. Even at the time of their death, they pass away calmly without distress. The meaning of "pains" refers to ties or connections, and someone who dies in pain and difficulty is as if they have ties that bind them to the realm of the living, and those ties do not release easily but with great difficulty. However, they pass away in tranquility as if there are no ties binding them to their death. And yet they are healthy. They are robust and vigorous. BodyIt is said that God's hands are not empty. It means that during their lifetime, they have natural strength that is healthy and strong, and in their death, they die peacefully.”

“"They protrude." Due to excessive fat, their eyes appear as if they are bulging out, as if they have no eyes. Because of the thickness of their facial fat, their eyes are covered. They have passed the limits of their heart. It is interpreted as a withdrawal from truth, and the heart is called deceitful because it contemplates things. In other words, whatever they contemplate in terms of the good things of the world, thinking that they will have more and more of them, will ultimately pass them by, contrary to what they had imagined.”

“"Let them melt away." This verse is a prayer or wish for the wicked to be dissolved or destroyed. The commentary states that the term "מנחי העי"ן" (literally "the guidance of the eye") is not found in Scripture, but rather in the words of our sages. Additionally, the term "מק בשרו" (literally "his flesh") refers to the act of multiplying or duplicating, which can be found in his work and others. "And they speak wickedly, oppression." They do not hesitate to speak of the injustice they commit, nor do they conceal it. Rather, they openly speak of their wickedness. "From on high." It means that there is no higher authority that will punish them for this.”

“They set The emphasis, in place of the implication that they spoke about me and my late father with contempt, is explained as the doubling of the root "שתת" (to set or place), meaning their mouths were set in motion as if speaking in the heavens, indicating that they speak about God without knowledge of Him. And their tongue walks in the land. In other words, their actions and words, which are carried out on Earth, are observed by Heaven.”

“Return The letter "י" in the word "ישוב" indicates that God settles and resides in it. The letter "ו" in "ישוב" signifies that God declares with it that He sees the tranquility of the wicked being repeatedly disrupted time after time. Here This word is used as a warning, meaning "do not approach" or "do not come close." It implies that if one can find an argument against it to justify the judgment, they should present it. And they will be satisfied with water. Without the specified detail, it means that a person will find a trembling-filled cup for them, indicating that they will find a drink that both satisfies and enlivens them. This refers to them finding refreshing and invigorating water to quench their thirst.”

“And they will say. This is the deception we have been mistaken about all day, not knowing what it is: 'And they will say, 'How does God know? Can the Most High have knowledge?' The ways of human beings are in God's hands, and doesn't God have faithfulness? If God knows the ways of human beings, how can He bring calamity upon His people who walk in His ways? How can He favor those who deny Him and the wicked of the world? And if there is knowledge in the Most High, how will it be?”

“If I have said it. This is the statement of Asaph or any righteous person in every generation. If I have said it, I will recount this accusation as they say, "Generation of your children, behold, I have been unfaithful to you." The word "behold" is used in both early and later contexts. If I have said it, I will recount it like the generation of your children, "Behold, I have been unfaithful to you," and many others have done so in similar circumstances.”

“And I considered it. Behold, I refrained from recounting it orally, as they say, "How can God know?" And behold, it is toil in my eyes, meaning in the eyes of my heart, for I have turned and turned in this accusation, and I cannot find anything in my heart to understand what this is. And it is written "hu" (he), with a Yod (י) on the accusation and the response to it, and it is called "hu" (he) with a Vav (ו) on the matter, and the matter and the subject are one.”